Badania naukowe w zarządzaniu strategicznym - refleksje nad wielowymiarowością konstruktów, pluralizmem metod i badaniami wielopoziomowymi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2016.0954.0607Słowa kluczowe:
zarządzanie strategiczne, wielowymiarowość konstruktów, pluralizm metod, wielopoziomowość badańAbstrakt
Celem artykułu jest pogłębienie wiedzy w zakresie kierunków rozwoju metodyki badań w zarządzaniu strategicznym. Osiągnięcie celu umożliwiły ekstensywne studia literatury i badań w renomowanych czasopismach (głównie: „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, „Organisational Research Methods”, „Business Research Quarterly”, „Academy of Management Journal”, „Strategic Organization”, „Academy of Management Review”, „Strategic Management Journal”, „Journal of Management”, „Academy of Management Review”, „Organization” oraz innych zawierających wysoce referencyjne opracowania z danej dziedziny), podejmujących problematykę metod badawczych w teorii zarządzania, a w szczególności w obszarze zarządzania strategicznego, w latach 2010–2016.
Pierwsza część artykułu przedstawia w sposób ogólny problematykę (ograniczenia i wyzwania) prowadzenia badań w zarządzaniu strategicznym. Następnie omówiono zagadnienia związane z konceptualizacją konstruktów (w tym konstruktów wielowymiarowych). Kolejne punkty dotyczą mixed methods research i badań wielopoziomowych. W końcowej części artykułu sformułowano wnioski i rekomendacje dotyczące prowadzenia badań naukowych w zarządzaniu strategicznym.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Adcock R., Collier D. [2001], Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research, „American Political Science Review”, vol. 95(3), https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401003100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055401003100
Aguinis H., Boyd B.K., Pierce Ch.A., Short J.C. [2011], Walking New Avenues in Management Research Methods and Theories: Bridging Micro and Macro Domains, „Journal of Management”, vol. 37(2), March, https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310382456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310382456
Aguinis H., Pierce Ch.A., Bosco F.A., Muslin I.S. [2009], First Decade of Organizational Research Methods: Trends in Design, Measurement, and Data-analysis Topics, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 12(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108322641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108322641
Bauer D.J. [2003], Estimating Multilevel Linear Models as Structural Equation Models, „Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics”, vol. 28(2), https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986028002135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986028002135
Bergman M.M. [2010], On Concepts and Paradigms in Mixed Methods Research, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 4(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810376950. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810376950
Bergman M.M. [2011a], The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly in Mixed Methods Research and Design, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 5(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811433236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811433236
Bergman M.M. [2011b], The Politics, Fashions, and Conventions of Research Methods, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 5(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811408318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811408318
Berson Y., Avolio B.J., Kahai S. [2003], Level Specification: Using Triangulation in a Grounded Theory Approach to Construct Building [w:] Annual Review: Multi-level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Strategy, eds F.J. Yammarino, F. Dansereau, vol. 2, Elsevier Science, Oxford.
Berthod O., Grothe-Hammer M., Sydow J. [2016], Network Ethnography: A Mixed-method Approach for the Study of Practices in Interorganizational Settings, „Organizational Research Methods”, March, https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116633872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116633872
Bliese P.D. [2000], Within-group Agreement, Non-independence, and Reliability: Implications for Data Aggregation and Analyses [w:] Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions, eds K.J. Klein, S.W.J. Kozlowski, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Bliese P.D., Hanges P.J. [2004], Being Both Too Liberal and Too Conservative: The Perils of Treating Grouped Data as Though They Were Independent, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 7(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428104268542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428104268542
Burstein L., Linn R.L., Capell F.J. [1978], Analyzing Multilevel Data in the Presence of Heterogeneous Within-class Regressions, „Journal of Educational Statistics”, vol. 3(4), https://doi.org/10.2307/1164777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1164777
Castro S.L. [2002], Data Analytic Methods for the Analysis of Multilevel Questions: A Comparison of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, rwg(j), Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Within- and Between-analysis, and Random Group Resampling, „The Leadership Quarterly”, vol. 13, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(01)00105-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00105-9
Castro F.G., Kellison J.G., Boyd S.J., Kopak A. [2010], A Methodology for Conducting Integrative Mixed Methods Research and Data Analyses, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 4(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810382916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810382916
Certo S.T., Sirmon D.G, Brymer R.A. [2010], Competition and Scholarly Productivity in Management: Investigating Changes in Scholarship from 1988 to 2008, „Academy of Management Learning and Education”, vol. 9(4), https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2010.56659878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.9.4.zqr591
Chen G., Bliese P.D., Mathieu J.E. [2005], Conceptual Framework and Statistical Procedures for Delineating and Testing Multilevel Theories of Homology, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 8(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428105280056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428105280056
Cording M., Christmann P., Weigelt C. [2010], Measuring Theoretically Complex Constructs: The Case of Acquisition Performance, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 8(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127009355892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127009355892
Crede E., Borrego M. [2013], From Ethnography to Items: A Mixed Methods Approach to Developing a Survey to Examine Graduate Engineering Student Retention, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 7(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812451792. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812451792
Daigneault P.-M., Jacob S. [2014], Unexpected but Most Welcome: Mixed Methods for the Validation and Revision of the Participatory Evaluation Measurement Instrument, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 8(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689813486190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689813486190
Dalton D.R., Dalton C.M. [2011], Integration of Micro and Macro Studies in Governance Research: CEO Duality, Board Composition, and Financial Performance, „Journal of Management”, vol. 37(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310373399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310373399
Dansereau F., Yammarino F. [2000], Within and Between Analysis: The Varient Paradigm as an Underlying Approach to Theory Building and Testing [w:] Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions, eds K.J. Klein, S.W.J. Kozlowski, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Denzin N.K. [2012], Triangulation 2.0, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437186
Durand R. [2012], Advancing Strategy and Organization Research in Concert: Towards an Integrated Model?, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 10(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127012453290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127012453290
Dyer N.G., Hanges P.J., Hall R.J. [2005], Applying Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis Techniques to the Study of Leadership, „The Leadership Quarterly”, vol. 16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.009
Edmondson A.C., McManus S.E. [2007], Methodological Fit in Management Field Research, „Academy of Management Review”, vol. 32(4), https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586086
Evans B.C., Coon D.W., Ume E. [2011], Use of Theoretical Frameworks as a Pragmatic Guide for Mixed Methods Studies: A Methodological Necessity?, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 5(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811412972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811412972
Flick U. [1992], Triangulation Revisited: Strategy of Validation or Alternative?, „Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour”, vol. 22(2), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1992.tb00215.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1992.tb00215.x
Flick U. [1998], An Introduction to Qualitative Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, London–New Delhi.
Flick U., Garms-Homolová V., Herrmann W.J., Kuck J., Röhnsch G. [2012], “I Can’t Prescribe Something Just Because Someone Asks for It…”: Using Mixed Methods in the Framework of Triangulation, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437183
Freeman J.H. [1980], The Unit Problem in Organizational Research [w:] Frontiers in Organization and Management, ed. W.M. Evan, Praeger, New York.
Gelo O., Braakmann D., Benetka G. [2008], Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Beyond the Debate, „Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science”, vol. 42, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-008-9078-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-008-9078-3
Gibson C.B. [2016], Elaboration, Generalization, Triangulation, and Interpretation: On Enhancing the Value of Mixed Method Research, „Organizational Research Methods”, April, https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116639133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116639133
Goertz G., Mahoney J. [2012], A Tale of Two Cultures: Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Guerras-Martín L.Á., Madhok A., Montoro-Sánchez Á. [2014], The Evolution of Strategic Management Research: Recent Trends and Current Directions, „Business Research Quarterly”, vol. 17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.03.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.03.001
Guest G. [2012], Describing Mixed Methods Research: An Alternative to Typologies, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research, vol. 7(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812461179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812461179
Hambrick D.C. [2004], The Disintegration of Strategic Management: It’s Time to Consolidate Our Gains, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 2(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127004040915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127004040915
Hambrick D.C. [2007], The Field of Management’s Devotion to Theory: Too Much of a Good Thing?, „Academy of Management Journal”, vol. 50(6), https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.28166119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.28166119
Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research [2010], eds A. Tashakkori, Ch. Teddlie, 2nd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Hart L.C., Smith S.Z., Swars S.L., Smith M.E. [2009], An Examination of Research Methods in Mathematics Education (1995–2005), „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689808325771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689808325771
Helfat C.E. [2007], Stylized Facts, Empirical Research and Theory Development in Management, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 5(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127007077559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127007077559
Hill A.D., Kern D.A., White M.A. [2012], Building Understanding in Strategy Research: The Importance of Employing Consistent Terminology and Convergent Measures, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 10(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127012445239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127012445239
Hitt M.A., Beamish P.W., Jackson S.E., Mathieu J.E. [2007], Building Theoretical and Empirical Bridges across Levels: Multilevel Research in Management, „Academy of Management Journal”, vol. 50(6), https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.28166219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.28166219
Hitt M.A., Boyd B.K., Li D. [2004], The State of Strategic Management Research and a Vision of the Future [w:] Research Methodology in Strategy and Management, eds D. Ketchen, D. Bergh, vol. 1, Elsevier, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-8387(04)01101-4
Hofmann D.A. [1997], An Overview of the Logic and Rationale of Hierarchical Linear Models, „Journal of Management”, vol. 23(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2063(97)90026-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90026-X
House R., Rousseau D.M., Thomas-Hunt M. [1995], The Meso Paradigm: A Framework for the Integration of Micro and Macro Organizational Behawior, „Research in Organizational Behavior”, vol. 17.
Howe K.R. [2012], Mixed Methods, Triangulation, and Causal Explanation, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437187
James L.R., Williams L. [2000], The Cross-level Operator in Regression, ANCOVA, and Contextual Analysis [w:] Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, And New Directions, eds K.J. Klein, S.W.J. Kozlowski, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Jarzabkowski P., Bednarek R., Lê J.K. [2014], Producing Persuasive Findings: Demystifying Ethnographic Textwork in Strategy and Organization Research, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127014554575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127014554575
Johnson R.B., Onwuegbuzie A.J. [2014], Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come, „Educational Researcher”, vol. 33(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
Johnson R.B., Onwuegbuzie A.J., Turner L.A. [2007], Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 1(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298224
Kelle U. [2001], Sociological Explanations between Micro and Macro and the Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods [43 Paragraphs], „Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research”, vol. 2(1), art. 5, http://nbnresolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114fqs010159.
Klein K.J., Cannella A., Tosi H. [1999], Multilevel Theory: Challenges and Contributions, „Academy of Management Review”, vol. 24.
Kozlowski S.W.J., Klein K.J. [2000], A Multi-level Approach to Theory and Research in Organizations: Contextual, Temporal, and Emergent Processes [w:] Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions, eds K.J. Klein, S.W.J. Kozlowski, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Kozlowski S.W.J., Chao G.T., Grand J.A., Braun M.T., Kuljanin G. [2013], Advancing Multilevel Research Design: Capturing the Dynamics of Emergence, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 16(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428113493119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428113493119
Law K.S., Wong, C.S., Mobley W.M. [1998], Toward a Taxonomy of Multidimensional Constructs, „Academy of Management Review”, vol. 23(4), https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.1255636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/259060
Locke E.A. [2012], Construct Validity vs. Concept Validity, „Human Resource Management Review”, vol. 22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.11.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.11.008
MacKenzie S.B. [2003], The Dangers of Poor Construct Conceptualization, „Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science”, vol. 31(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070303031003011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070303031003011
MacKenzie S.B., Podsakoff P.M., Podsakoff N.P. [2011], Construct Measurement and Validation Procedures in MIS and Behavioral Research: Integrating New and Existing Techniques, „MIS Quarterly”, vol. 35(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/23044045
Mathieu J.E., Chen G. [2011], The Etiology of the Multilevel Paradigm in Management Research, „Journal of Management”, vol. 37(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310364663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310364663
Mayoh J., Onwuegbuzie A.J. [2015], Toward a Conceptualization of Mixed Methods Phenomenological Research, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 9(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689813505358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689813505358
McKinley W. [2007], Managing Knowledge in Organization Studies through Instrumentation, „Organization”, vol. 14(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508407071863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508407071863
Molina-Azorín J.F. [2011], The Use and Added Value of Mixed Methods in Management Research, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 5(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810384490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810384490
Molina-Azorín J.F. [2012], Mixed Methods Research in Strategic Management: Impact and Applications, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 15(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428110393023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428110393023
Molina-Azorin J.F., Fetters M.D. [2016], Mixed Methods Research Prevalence Studies: Field-specific Studies on the State of the Art of Mixed Methods Research, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 10(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689816636707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689816636707
Molloy J.C., Chadwick C., Ployhart R.E., Golden S.J. [2011], Making Intangibles “Tangible” in Tests of Resource-based Theory: A Multidisciplinary Construct Validation Approach, „Journal of Management”, vol. 37(5), https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310394185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310394185
Mossholder K.W., Bedeian A.G. [1983], Cross-level Inference and Organizational Research: Perspectives on Interpretation and Application, „Academy of Management Review”, vol. 8(4), https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1983.4284651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258256
Netemeyer R.G., Bearden W.O., Sharma S. [2003], Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Oxley J.E., Rivkin J.W., Ryall M.D. [2010], The Strategy Research Initiative: Recognizing and Encouraging High-quality Research in Strategy, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 8(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127010387821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127010387821
Piórkowska K. [2014a], Behavioral Strategies as Micro-foundations in Strategic Management, „Global Business&Economics Anthology”, vol. 2, December.
Piórkowska K. [2014b], Micro-foundations w teorii zarządzania strategicznego – czy to tylko retoryka?, Prace Naukowe Wałbrzyskiej Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania i Przedsiębiorczości, Zarządzanie strategiczne. Rozwój koncepcji i metod, red. K. Krupski, t. 27(2), Wałbrzych.
Plano Clark V.L., Anderson N., Wertz J.A., Zhou Y., Schumacher K., Miaskowski Ch. [2015], Conceptualizing Longitudinal Mixed Methods Designs: A Methodological Review of Health Sciences Research, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 9(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814543563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814543563
Ployhart R.E., Vandenberg R.J. [2010], Longitudinal Research: The Theory, Design, and Analysis of Change, „Journal of Management”, vol. 36(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309352110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309352110
Podsakoff P.M., MacKenzie S.B., Podsakoff N.P. [2016], Recommendations for Creating Better Concept Definitions in the Organizational, Behavioral, and Social Sciences, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 19(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115624965. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115624965
Podsakoff N.P., Podsakoff P.M., MacKenzie S.B., Klinger R.L. [2013], Are We Really Measuring What We Say We’re Measuring? Using Video Techniques to Supplement Traditional Construct Validation Procedures, „Journal of Applied Psychology”, vol. 98(1), https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029570
Popper K. [2002], The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Routledge, New York.
Powell T.C., Lovallo D., Fox C.R. [2011], Behavioral Strategy, „Strategic Management Journal”, vol. 32(13), https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.968
Ronda-Pupo G.A., Guerras-Martin L.Á. [2012], Dynamics of the Evolution of the Strategy Concept 1962–2008: A Co-Word Analysis, „Strategic Management Journal”, vol. 33(2), https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.948. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.948
Rousseau D.M. [1985], Issues of Level in Organizational Research: Multi-level and Cross-level Perspectives, „Research in Organizational Behavior”, vol. 7.
Rousseau D.M. [2011], Reinforcing the Micro/Macro Bridge: Organizational Thinking and Pluralistic Vehicles, „Journal of Management”, vol. 37(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310372414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310372414
Shepherd D.A. [2011], Multilevel Entrepreneurship Research: Opportunities for Studying Entrepreneurial Decision Making, „Journal of Management”, vol. 37(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310369940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310369940
Short J.C., Ketchen D.J. Jr., Bennett N., du Toit M. [2006], An Examination of Firm, Industry, and Time Effects on Performance using Random Coefficients Modeling, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 9(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106287572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106287572
Stańczyk-Hugiet E., Piórkowska K., Stańczyk S. [2016], Ewolucyjny nurt w naukach o zarządzaniu. Stan wiedzy, „Przegląd Organizacji”, nr 2.
Suddaby R. [2010], Editor’s Comments: Construct Clarity in Theories of Management and Organization, „Academy of Management Review”, vol. 35(3), https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.51141319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.35.3.zok346
Tashakkori A., Teddlie C. [1998], Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Tepper B.J., Henle C.A. [2011], A Case for Recognizing Distinctions among Constructs that Capture Interpersonal Mistreatment in Work Organizations, „Journal of Organizational Behavior”, vol. 32(3), https://doi.org/10.1002/job.688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.688
Thietart R.-A. [2016], Strategy Dynamics: Agency, Path Dependency, and Self-organized Emergence, „Strategic Management Journal”, vol. 37(4), https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2368
Venkatraman N., Grant J.H. [1986], Construct Measurement in Organizational Strategy Research: A Critique and Proposal, „Academy of Management Review”, vol. 11(1), https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4282628. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258332
Vesa M., Vaara E. [2014], Strategic Ethnography 2.0: Four Methods for Advancing Strategy Process and Practice Research, „Strategic Organization”, vol. 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127014554745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127014554745
Waldman D.A., Carter M.Z., Hom P.W. [2015], A Multilevel Investigation of Leadership and Turnover Behavior, „Journal of Management”, vol. 41(6), September, https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312460679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312460679
Wheeldon J. [2010], Mapping Mixed Methods Research: Methods, Measures, and Meaning, „Journal of Mixed Methods Research”, vol. 4(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689809358755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689809358755
Wong Ch.-S., Law K.S., Huang G.-H. [2008], On the Importance of Conducting Construct-Level Analysis for Multidimensional Constructs in Theory Development and Testing, „Journal of Management”, vol. 34(4), August, https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307312506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307312506
Zappa P., Lomi A. [2015], The Analysis of Multilevel Networks in Organizations: Models and Empirical Tests, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 18(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115579225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115579225
Zhang Z., Zyphur M.J., Preacher K.J. [2009], Testing Multilevel Mediation Using Hierarchical Linear Models: Problems and Solutions, „Organizational Research Methods”, vol. 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108327450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108327450
