The Development of the Effectiveness of Remote Work as Perceived by Employees and Managers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2023.1000.0204Słowa kluczowe:
remote work, management tools, effectiveness, hybrid workingAbstrakt
Objective: This article discusses how the effectiveness of remote work has developed and differences in how it is assessed by employees and managers. Two research questions are asked: 1) How do employees assess the impact of remote work tools on various aspects of operation? and 2) How do managers perceive and approach employee attitudes and opinions in this area?
Research Design & Methods: Computed-Assisted Web Interviews (CAWI) were conducted with 500 respondents (employees of companies with international capital). The results were then discussed (interviews) with 14 middle and senior managers.
Findings: Employees believed the technology and tools available had the most significant positive impact on innovation and organisation. In contrast, aspects related to communication and relationships had the lowest impact. Although manager’s comments related to the effectiveness scores were divided, they did not contradict one another.
Implications / Recommendations: Based on the research, an attempt was made to distinguish key variables for managers. They include: work programming (rules, principles, control, KPIs), ensuring autonomy (freedom in organising work and decision-making, ensuring trust), maintaining relationships (including effective communication) and one’s own skills.
Contribution: It is important to understand that there are differences in how employees and managers perceive effectiveness and task performance efficiency. Managers’ awareness of their employees’ opinions is vital, as the interviews show.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Beňo M., Hvorecký J., Šimúth J. (2021), E-panopticon of Face-to-Display Workers: From the Office to the Home, “Ad Alta. Journal of Interdisciplinary Research”, vol. 11(1), https://doi.org/10.33543/110197105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33543/110197105
Big InfoMonitor (2021), Nie ma zgody między pracodawcami a pracownikami w ocenie pracy zdalnej, 17 July, https://media.big.pl/informacje-prasowe/675034/nie-ma-zgody-miedzy-pracodawcami-a-pracownikami-w-ocenie-pracy-zdalnej (accessed: 10.10.2022).
Camp K. M., Young M., Bushardt S. C. (2022), A Millennial Manager Skills Model for the New Remote Work Environment, “Management Research Review”, vol. 45(5), https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2021-0076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2021-0076
Chatterjee S., Chaudhuri R., Vrontis D. (2022), Does Remote Work Flexibility Enhance Organization Performance? Moderating Role of Organization Policy and Top Management Support, “Journal of Business Research”, vol. 139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.069
Chaudhuri R., Chatterjee S., Vrontis D., Alessio I. (2022), Work from Anywhere and Employee Psychological Well-being: Moderating Role of HR Leadership Support, “Personnel Review”, vol. 51(8), https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2022-0086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2022-0086
Deloitte Insights (2023), New Fundamentals for a Boundaryless World. 2023 Global Human Capital Trends Report, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/articles/glob175985_global-human-capital-trends-2023/GLOB175985_HUMAN-CAPITAL-TRENDS-2023.pdf (accessed: 13.04.2023).
Farooq R., Sultana A. (2022), The Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Work from Home and Employee Productivity, “Measuring Business Excellence”, vol. 26(3), https://doi.org/10.1108/mbe-12-2020-0173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-12-2020-0173
Galanti T., Guidetti G., Mazzei E., Zappalà S., Toscano F. (2021), Work from Home during the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Impact on Employees’ Remote Work Productivity, Engagement, and Stress, “Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine”, vol. 63(7), https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002236
Houghton B. (2021), Two-thirds of Employers Do Not Trust Their Staff to Work Remotely, Survey Finds, People Management, 25 August, https://www.peoplemanagement.co.uk/article/1745149/two-thirds-employers-do-not-trust-staff-work-remotely-survey-finds (accessed: 7.10.2022).
Kakkar S., Kuril S., Singh S., Saha S., Dugar A. (2022), The Influence of Remote Work Communication Satisfaction and CSR Association on Employee Alienation and Job Satisfaction: A Moderated-mediation Study, “Information Technology & People”, https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01-2021-0030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01-2021-0030
Kossen C., Berg A. M. van der (2022), When the Exception Becomes the Norm: A Quantitative Analysis of the Dark Side of Work from Home, “German Journal of Human Resource Management”, vol. 36(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022221083695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022221083695
Krasnova A. (2021), Wymagania kompetencyjne wobec pracowników ds. HR wykonujących pracę zdalnie, “Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie”, no. 2(992), https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2021.0992.0206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2021.0992.0206
Krehl E. H., Büttgen M. (2022), Uncovering the Complexities of Remote Leadership and the Usage of Digital Tools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Diary Study, “German Journal of Human Resource Management”, vol. 36(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022221083697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022221083697
Lis T., Ptak A., Lis M. (2021), Trust as an Element of the Functioning of the Information System in Management in Conditions of Forced Remote Work, “Energies”, vol. 14(21), https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217425
Mergener A., Trübner M. (2022), Social Relations and Employees’ Rejection of Working from Home: A Social Exchange Perspective, “New Technology, Work and Employment”, vol. 37(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12247
Mierzejewska K., Chomicki M. (2020), Psychospołeczne aspekty pracy zdalnej. Wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w trakcie trwania pandemii COVID-19, “Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie”, no. 3(987), https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2020.0987.0302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2020.0987.0302
Mitchell A. (2021), The Best of Both Worlds: 5 Steps for Hybrid Work Success, “Cutter Business Technology Journal”, vol. 34(7).
Moczydłowska J. M. (2021), Praca w systemie home office w opinii wybranej grupy menedżerów – słuchaczy studiów MBA, “Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie”, no. 1(991), https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2021.0991.0103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2021.0991.0103
Ng P. M. L., Lit K. K., Cheung C. T. Y. (2022), Remote Work as a New Normal? The Technology-organization-environment (TOE) Context, “Technology in Society”, vol. 70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102022
Panteli N., Nurse J. R. C., Collins E., Williams N. (2023), Trust Disruption and Preservation in the COVID-19 Work from Home Context, “Journal of Workplace Learning”, vol. 35(3), https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-02-2022-0017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-02-2022-0017
Pokojski Z., Kister A., Lipowski M. (2022), Remote Work Efficiency from the Employers’ Perspective – What’s Next?, “Sustainability”, vol. 14(7), https://doi.org/10.3390/SU14074220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074220
Ramani A. (2021), India’s Transforming Post-pandemic Workplace: The Emerging Role of the Hybrid Work Model, “Corporate Real Estate Journal”, vol. 11(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.69554/LKIF4085
Raźniewski K., Fierla-Jakubowicz J., Oleksiuk M. (2021), Organizacja pracy w czasie pandemii. Wyzwania dla HR w 2021 roku, https://www.ey.com/pl_pl/workforce/raport-hr-organizacja-pracy-w-czasie-pandemii (accessed: 17.03.2023).
Robak E. (2022), Work-life Relations and Remote Work Management of the Generation Z Employees, “Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology, Organization and Management Series”, no. 163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.163.29
Routley N. (2020), 6 Charts That Show What Employers and Employees Really Think about Remote Working, World Economic Forum, 3 June, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/06/coronavirus-covid19-remote-working-office-employees-employers (accessed: 5.10.2023).
Siejka S., Szajt M. (2022), Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Hierarchy of Motivating Factors among Sales Department Employees, “Polish Journal of Management Studies”, vol. 26(2), https://doi.org/10.17512/PJMS.2022.26.2.19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2022.26.2.19
Smite D., Moe N. B., Hildrum J., Gonzalez-Huerta J., Mendez D. (2023), Work-from-home Is Here to Stay: Call for Flexibility in Post-pandemic Work Policies, “Journal of Systems and Software”, vol. 195, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2022.111552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.111552
Tavares F., Santos E., Diogo A., Ratten V. (2021), Teleworking in Portuguese Communities during the COVID-19 Pandemic, “Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy”, vol. 15(3), https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-06-2020-0113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-06-2020-0113
Urbaniec M., Małkowska A., Włodarkiewicz-Klimek H. (2022), The Impact of Technological Developments on Remote Working: Insights from the Polish Managers’ Perspective, “Sustainability”, vol. 14(1), https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010552
Wei T., Wang W., Yu S. (2022), Analysis of the Cognitive Load of Employees Working from Home and the Construction of the Telecommuting Experience Balance Model, “Sustainability”, vol. 14(18), https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811722
Wöhrmann A. M., Ebner C. (2021), Understanding the Bright Side and the Dark Side of Telework: An Empirical Analysis of Working Conditions and Psychosomatic Health Complaints, “New Technology, Work and Employment”, vol. 36(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12208
Wojtkowiak G., Skowron-Mielnik B., Gołembski M. (2022), Research Challenges Concerning Employees Doing Enforced Remote Work, “Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie”, no. 2(996), https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2022.0996.0202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2022.0996.0202
Yang L., Murad M., Mirza F., Chaudhary N. I., Saeed M. (2022), Shadow of Cyber Ostracism over Remote Environment: Implication on Remote Work Challenges, Virtual Work Environment and Employee Mental Well-being during a COVID-19 Pandemic, “Acta Psychologica”, vol. 225, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTPSY.2022.103552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103552
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie / Cracow Review of Economics and Management
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
