Methodological Aspects of Measuring Urban Sprawl
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2015.0942.0603Keywords:
urban sprawl, measuring of urban sprawl, built dispersal, spatial decentralisationAbstract
The purpose of the article is to identify the various sorts of urban sprawl and to present methods of measuring this phenomenon. The article reviews the subject literature, giving it a theoretical-methodological character. Among the leading theoretical concepts involved in measuring the phenomena, there are three basic methods, which are based on indicators that refer to the different ways of building area. The first method is based on density, scatter, aesthetics, ecology and accessibility. The second approach uses the indicators of growth rates, density, spatial geometry, accessibility, and aesthetic measures. The third approach identifies types of sprawl through the indicators of density, continuity, concentration, clustering, centrality, nuclearity, mixed use and proximity. An important feature of the third approach is experience gained from foreign studies in the implementation of this method. In addition, this method presents the methodology and characteristics of the many sorts of sprawl, which can be applied to the conditions prevailing in Poland.
Downloads
References
Bose S. [2004], Smart Growth in the State of Ohio: Conflicts and Constraints; An Analysis and Evaluation of the Evolution of Smart Growth in the Cleveland and Cincinnati Metropolitan Regions, The School of Planning of the College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati.
Burchell R.W., Shad N.A., Listokin D., Phillips H., Downs A., Siskin S., Davis J.S., Moore T., Helton D., Gall M., ECONorthwest [1998], Costs of Sprawl–Revisited, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Downs A. [1998], How America’s Cities Are Growing: The Big Picture, „Brookings Review”, vol. 16(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20080808
Ewing R. [1997], Is Los Angeles-style Sprawl Desirable?, „Journal of the American Planning Association”, vol. 63(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369708975728
Ewing R., Pendall R., Chen D. [2002], Measuring Sprawl and Its Impact, Smart Growth America, Washington D.C.
Frenkel A., Ashkenazi M. [2005], Measuring Urban Sprawl – How Can we Deal with It?, ERSA Conference Papers, European Regional Science Association.
Fulton W. [2001], Who Sprawls Most? How Growth Patterns Differ Across the U.S., The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C.
Galster G., Hanson R., Ratcliffe M.R., Wolman H., Coleman S., Freihage J. [2001], Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground: Defining and Measuring an Elusive Concept, „Housing Policy Debate”, vol. 12, nr 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2001.9521426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2001.9521426
Glaeser E.L., Kahn M.E. [2003], Sprawl and Urban Growth, „NBER Working Paper”, Series No. 9733, http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w9733
Gordon P., Richardson H. [1997], Where is the Sprawl?, „Journal of the American Planning Association”, vol. 63(1).
Knapp G. [2002], Talking Smart in the United States, International Meeting for Multiple Intensive Land Use, Holland, Habiform.
Knaap G., Song Y., Ewing R., Clifton K. [2005], Seeing the Elephant: Multi-disciplinary Measure of Urban Sprawl, National Center for Smart Growth Research and Education, Urban Studies and Planning Program, University of Maryland.
Lisowski A., Grochowski M. [2009], Procesy suburbanizacji. Uwarunkowania, formy i konsekwencje, Instytut Demografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa.
Nelson A.C., Duncan J.B. [1995], Growth Management Principlesand Practices, American Planning Association, Chicago.
Neuman M. [2005], The Compact City Fallacy, „Journal of Planning Education and Research (JPER)”, vol. 25(1), http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x04270466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X04270466
Pendall R. [1999], Do Land-Use Controls Cause Sprawl?, „Environment and Planning B”, vol. 26(4), http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b260555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/b260555
Sierra Club [1998], Sprawl: The Dark Side of the American Dream, San Francisco, CA.
Torrens P.M., Alberti M. [2000], Measuring Sprawl, Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning, Atlanta.
Wassmer R.W. [2002], An Economic Perspective on Urban Sprawl: With an Application to the American West and a Test of the Efficacy of Urban Growth Boundaries, California State University.
Wassmer R.W. [2005], Causes of Urban Sprawl (Decentralization) in the United States: Natural Evolution, Flight from Blight, and the Fiscalization of Land Use, Working Paper, Sacramento, CA.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Cracow Review of Economics and Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
